Q: What do you think of Bodyblades and how - if at all- should they be incorporated into a pitcher's routine?
A: As many of you know, I'm a fan of integrating rhythmic stabilization drills that train the true function of the rotator cuff: maintaining the humeral head in the glenoid fossa. I wrote about it in some depth HERE, and Mike Reinold and I spent quite a bit of time on it in our Optimal Shoulder Performance DVD set.
Of course, if you compare the perturbations to stability that the Bodyblade provides, it appears to simulate some of what you'd get with a rhythmic stabilization drill. So, it's probably a good alternative to a pitcher who doesn't have a training partner, therapist, or coach who can provide those destabilizing torques. Shirts, apparently, are optional.
That said, to me, using a Bodyblade is a more closed-loop (predictable) drill, whereas manual rhythmic stabilizations are more open-loop (unpredictable). So, it goes without saying that the benefits of "surprise" stabilization probably extend a lot further - and they don't cost a penny. Moreover, I've heard claims about the Bodyblade being an effective way to build muscle, which (outside an untrained population) just isn't going to happen. There are also much better ways to train the core.
Q: I recently opened up my own place to train athletes, and wanted to thank you for all of the knowledge you have passed along, as it has been a big factor in designing my own training philosophy. The majority of my athletes are baseball and football players in the high school and collegiate level, and I had question for you regarding my baseball players specifically.Nearly every player I work with (and for the most part every pitcher I have worked with), has tight shoulders due to over-use, being imbalanced, and weak. I have them performing a ton of upper back work in comparison to pressing movements, rotator cuff work, sleeper stretches, and myofascial release. It helps greatly, but they still seem to never get back to a full range of motion or an actual natural throwing motion. Because of this, I was wondering what you thought about adding in shoulder dislocations using a dowel rod or broomstick to help with shoulder mobility.Because the players I work with are either in college because of their ability to play baseball, or have a chance at being drafted or getting a good college scholarship from their arms, I want to make sure that everything I do makes them better instead of hurting them in the long run for what looks like a quick fix when they are with me.I'd love to hear any thoughts you might have on helping increase shoulder mobility and the shoulder dislocation exercise, in particular.
A: First off, thank you very much for your kind words and continued support.
Unfortunately, to be blunt, I think it would be a terrible idea and you would undoubtedly make a lot of shoulders (and potentially elbows) worse.
Most pitchers will have increased external rotation (ER) on their dominant side, and as such, increased anterior instability. If you just crank them into external rotation and/or horizontal abduction, you will exacerbate that anterior instability. Think about what happens in the apprehension-relocation test at the shoulder; the relocation posteriorly pushes the humerus to relieve symptoms by taking away anterior instability.
We are extremely careful with who we select for exercises to increase external rotation, and it is in the small minority. Most pitchers gain ~5 degrees of external rotation over the course of the competitive season, as it is. If we are going to have them do mobilizations to increase ER, it's only after we've measured their total motion (IR+ER) as asymmetrical and determined that they need ER (a sign is ER that is less on the dominant shoulder). And, any exercises we provide on this front are done in conjunction with concurrent scapular stabilization and thoracic spine extension/rotation - as you'd see in a side-lying extension-rotation drill.
Here, you've got supination of the forearm, external rotation of the shoulder, scapular retraction/posterior tilt, and thoracic spine extension/rotation occurring simultaneously on the "lay back" component. And, the opposite occurs as the athlete returns to the starting position. Again, to reiterate, this is NOT a drill that is appropriate for a large chunk of throwing shoulders who already have crazy external rotation; it's just one we use with specific cases of guys we discover need to gain it.
With the broomstick dislocation, you're going to be throwing a lot of valgus stress on the elbow - and as I noted in my recent six-part series on elbow pain, pitchers already get enough of that. To read a bit more, check out Part 3: Throwing Injuries.
While we're on the topic, be careful about universally recommending sleeper stretches. There is going to be a decent chunk of your baseball players that don't need it at all. In particular, if you have a congenitally lax (ultra hypermobile) athlete (high score on Beighton laxity test), a sleeper stretch will really irritate the anterior shoulder capsule and/or biceps tendon.
These players don't really need to be stretched into IR; they just need loads of stability training. You'll find that these guys become more and more common at higher levels, as congenital laxity serves as a sort of "natural selection" to succeed for some people. So, universally prescribing the sleeper stretch becomes more and more of a problem as you deal with more and more advanced players and could be jacking up multi-million dollar arms. You'll even find guys who can gain 10-20 degrees of internal rotation in a matter of 30 seconds - without any shoulder mobilizations - just with the appropriate breathing patterns. It just doesn't work for everyone. Honestly, the only way to know is to assess; each pitcher is unique.
The obvious question then becomes "why are you seeing shoulder "tightness.?" Is it postural? Is it an actual range of motion you've assessed? Is it guarding/apprehension in certain positions? And, what is a "natural throwing motion?" They said Mark Prior had "perfect mechanics" and he has been injured his entire career.
What is "natural" is not what is "effective" in many cases, so you have to appreciate that throwing is an unnatural motion that may be necessary for generating velocity, creating deception, and optimizing movement on a certain pitch.
It might seem like shameless self-promotion, but I would highly recommend that you pick up the DVD set Mike Reinold and I recently released: Optimal Shoulder Performance.
It covers all of this information in great detail, plus a ton more. Baseball players - and particularly pitchers - are a unique population as a whole, and within that population, each one is unique.
I'd also strongly encourage you to check out Mike Reinold's webinar, "Assessing Asymmetry in Overhead Athletes: Does Asymmetry Mean Pathology?" It's available through the Advanced CEU online store.
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used by Cressey Performance Pitchers after they Throw!
Q: I would like to know what the main differences are between floor presses and pin presses in the power rack, obviously with the same range of movement. Usually, in talking about injury at the shoulders, the advice is to drop full range of motion in the bench press in favor of floor press; does the pin press in the power rack - starting around middle point - accomplish the same thing? In a strength program for a healthy individuals, do these two similar movements have same utility?
A: My experience with the pin press is that it is not as effective as a floor press or board press because the lifter isn't in a good position to appropriately "set" the scapular stabilizers to lock the shoulder blades down and back. As a result, the lifter tends to shrug up - which allows the shoulder blades to anteriorly tilt - which can exacerbate the shoulder impingement that may already be occurring.
Moreover, I believe that it is important to have a lifter lower the bar, as opposed to starting from a dead-stop. This way, we not only teach eccentric control of the muscles acting at the shoulder girdle, but we also train the movement by learning the appropriate bar path. Considering the number of individuals who take the bar too high on the chest and let the elbows flare out when benching, I think it's important to use movements like board presses and floor presses in lieu of the pin press. Otherwise, we won't get rid of clowns like this.
That said, generally speaking, I prefer board presses first, followed by floor presses, and then (if at all) pin presses. These, of course, come much later than push-up variations and (usually) dumbbell exercises.
For more information on the specific return-to-pressing progressions that we use with the athletes and clients we see with shoulder impingement, AC joint issues, and a host of other shoulder conditions, check out the Optimal Shoulder Performance DVD Set.
1. I'm headed to Providence first thing tomorrow to speak at the Perform Better Summit. If you're in attendance, be sure to introduce yourself and say hello; it's always great to meet my readers.
2. It's the time of year where all the all-star and league MVP awards are handed out around here as playoffs are just getting underway. Here's a great article about one Cressey Performance athlete, Carl Anderson of Lincoln-Sudbury, who won the Dual County League MVP as he set school records for homeruns and RBIs: Diamond Natural, If a Bit Rough
3. Likewise, another CP athlete, Jeff Bercume in the Oakland A's organization, just got a little love: Bercume's Game Going North.
4. HERE is some recent research to support the use of accommodating resistance in the form of bands in resistance training. Many of us in the powerlifting community have anecdotally been able to verify its efficacy, but it's nice to see some research out there that confirms what a lot of folks have insisted for quite some time.
It's important to interpret this research with caution, though. Using bands on top of free weight resistance is fantastic, but it can really beat up your joints if you use it for too long without taking a break. I always found that the added eccentric stress really beat up my shoulders and elbows on the bench press if I used bench presses against bands in my training cycles for more than three weeks without a break from them.
5. Researchers from the University of Nebraska report that energy expenditure in untrained college students is the same on ellipticals and treadmills when working at a self-selected intensity. An unnamed researcher from the Cressey School of Hard Knocks reports that working at a "self-selected intensity" on these modalities requires about as much effort and coordination as watching NASCAR.
Call me crazy, but I think most college-age folks would be better off hitting things with sledgehammers as exercise; it's just way more badass.
6. Here's another solid testimonial we just received on Optimal Shoulder Performance:
"Eric and Mike did a great job of taking complex information and making it easy to understand for the viewer. I really liked the collaboration between the clinical side of things, and the training side. I now have a much better understanding of how to effectively assess the shoulder. More importantly, I am now better equipped to take that information and improve the training strategies and techniques for my clients."
-Danny McLarty, CSCS
Click here to pick up a copy of Optimal Shoulder Performance for yourself.
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On the recommendation of Mike Reinold, my co-creator of the Optimal Shoulder Performance DVD set, we've been using forearm wall slides as part of our warm-ups and shoulder health programs for the past year or so. A variation is also featured on our Assess & Correct DVD as both an assessment and corrective drill.
With this exercise, the goal is to get to about 135 degrees of shoulder flexion without shrugging. In other words, you're checking just how well you upwardly rotate the scapulae. A good progression for this is the forearm wall slides with band, where you simply wrap a band around the wrists. The pull of the band forces your shoulder into internal rotation, so the external rotators (posterior rotator cuff and posterior deltoid) have to work isometrically to resist that movement. As I learned from physical therapist Tim Tyler at the MGH/Harvard Med Sports Medicine 2010 conference recently, it also improves recruitment of the lower trapezius while decreasing anterior deltoid and upper trapezius activity. In other words, it's one of the best bang for your buck scapular stability and rotator cuff exercises out there:
We just received this great feedback on Optimal Shoulder Performance:
"I just recently finished the Optimal Shoulder Performance DVD's. Without a doubt, that was the best $100 I've spent on a home based CEU opportunity.
The material was very well presented, the talks cut to the chase, and provided tons of practical ideas that I have already put into practice with my baseball and softball players."In addition to the downloadable PowerPoint slides PDF, I took tons of notes because both of you offered up such great information.
"I would highly recommend this to anyone who wants a quality shoulder DVD to add to their professional library.
"Thanks, guys, for a very high quality practical product!"-Kevin Collins, MS, ATC
Just thought you all might be interested in checking out a five-part feature Mike Robertson ran with material from Mike Reinold and I. Here's what it included:
In the Trenches Podcast with Eric Cressey and Mike Reinold
The podcast that started it all! Here we discuss how Eric and Mike got into the field, how they evaluate shoulders, and a bunch of baseball training. You'll definitely like this one!
Eric Cressey Q&A #1 - Shoulder Forces in Boxing
Here, I describes the forces you're going to see during a typical punch in boxing, as well as what biomechanical factors might predispose boxers to injury.
Eric Cressey Q&A #2 - Sternoclavicular Joint Dysfunction
In this post, I talk about the potential causes of sternoclavicular joint issues and how to handle them.
Mike Reinold Q&A #1 - Scalene Anatomy
Mike discusses the scalenes, their impact on the shoulder, and why asymmetry may not be bad for baseball players.
Mike Reinold Q&A #2 - Joint Capsule Surgical Techniques
Mike discusses two different surgical techniques for correcting issues with the shoulder capsule, as well as what to expect post-surgery.
Also, don't forget that today is the last day to get the $20 early-bird discount on The Single-Leg Solution. Don't miss out; the introductory price ends tonight at midnight.
Just a friendly reminder that the introductory price of $97 on Optimal Shoulder Performance: From Rehabilitation to High Performance ends tonight at midnight - when the price goes up by $30. This DVD set has been getting some awesome feedback, so don't miss out on this last chance to get it at a an awesome value:
www.ShoulderPerformance.com
"Mike and Eric do an incredible job of making sense out of complex information and research without watering it down a bit. I not only left the seminar with a better understanding of the functional work that all the muscles of the shoulders do, but also with plenty of new tools to put into my own program along with the knowledge to know when and why to use them. It was worth every penny, which I'm sure comes as no surprise to anyone fortunate enough to have learned from these guys previously."
Jon Hudak MS, CSCS
Assistant Strength and Conditioning Coach - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
